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Dégradation environnementale, risques de catastrophe : construction et vulnérabilité dans les Caraïbes
DO1
La Caraïbe est l’une des régions les plus vulnérables du monde pour ce qui est des risques naturels, en raison de sa position géographique dans une zone à risque. Avec pour terrains d’étude la République Dominicaine et l’ouragan Georges, Haïti et les inondations de mai 2004, ainsi que Cuba et l’ouragan de 2004, l’équipe de recherche s’est intéressée aux risques et aux vulnérabilités, aux impacts et à la gestion des risques de catastrophe, aux capacités et aux stratégies de survie mises en place par les communautés. Les études de cas ont permis de mettre à jour la relation entre les processus de dégradation ou de développement et les risques de catastrophe.Fiche signalétique
Country : Dominican Republic
Language : English, Spanish
Team leader : Lourdes MEYRELES, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Team members :
Support mission : cancelled
Total budget : 59000 € (initially granted)
Project status : completed
Problem, objectives, contexts and challenges
Development became the principal theme of Latin American countries after the Second World War. The necessity to satisfy population demands for industrial products forced countries to consider local alternatives, which produced the development model of import substitution. Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic have a long history in common which is interwoven due to the fact that they are neighbouring countries and that they are all the product of the European expansion at the end of the (...)
Methodology
The project was designed to implement a methodology which would allow for interdisciplinary and gender perspectives and for the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. This implied the analysis of existing documentation and bibliography from the three countries under study regarding their development processes, population trends, environmental degradation processes, and disaster histories, experience and management. To collect empirical data, a survey, in depth interviews (...)
Findings
Fonds Verrettes is a municipality situated 40-50 kilometers from Port au Prince, Haiti. It is a predominantly mountainous area and its population is estimated at 29,567 inhabitants. It is a part of the pine forest reserve which, due to the extreme activity of the cutting of trees in an exaggerated manner, is on the road to being deforested. The river, Soliette, was the river which flooded in 2004 up to a distance of 500 meters. Tamayo is one of the largest municipalities (341 km2) in the (...)
Conclusions and policy implications
The objective of this research project has been to link development process and environmental degradation to the construction of disaster risk, in order to contribute information to the understanding of this process and the understanding of hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities and disaster risk at the local level. The main research findings have shown that development in the countries under study, though historically tied, has followed different patterns and this has had diverse effects (...)